Engelberg, Stiftsbibliothek, Cod. 103

William T. Flynn, University of Leeds, 2010.

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Manuscript title: Breviarium antiquissimum (Major sections: Lectionary, Litany, Neumed Antiphoner, Partial Hymnary, Calendar of Saints, Capitulary, Collectar)

Place of origin: Rhineland Benedictine Monastery, possibly Disibodenberg (Omlin), more probaby Sponheim (Choate)

Date of origin: First third of the thirteenth century

Former shelfmark: 5/39 (Gottwald)

Extent: 200 folios

Format: 20.8 x 12.6 cm

Foliation: Arabic numerals begin on fol. 2r and continue for all recto parchment leaves. There is no gap in the foliation although gatherings are clearly missing.

Collation: 2 paper leaves (first leaf glued to front cover); 18-218; 228 (missing leaf 8); three gatherings (octavos?) missing; 3 single folios glued on to thin parchment strips for support; 238-248; 256; 4 paper leaves (last leaf glued to back cover).

Page layout: Size: 19.4 x 11.3 cm. Fols 1v-72v, 172r-176r, 179r-200r have a writing block in two columns of 17 x 5 cm, spanning 48 lines. Fols 73v-171v are written in full lines and have a writing block of 14.5 x 8.5 cm spanning 35 lines of text. The Calendar (fols 176v-178r) follows its own format (two columns of 54-58 lines).

Writing and hands:

This is a composite manuscript with some later additions. Each of the main sections is in a different hand.
A change of closely contemporary (early thirteenth-century) hands can be seen between the temporale and sanctorale of the lectionary on fol. 56v, where a devotional prayer on the sign of the cross is entered in a hand that appears to be that of the scribe for fols 57r-72v.
Fols 197r-200r contain additions to originally blank pages in a later thirteenth-century hand.
The first parchment folio (1r) contains early (perhaps eleventh-century) writing (faded, scraped and perhaps originally glued to the front board).
The fourth side of the back binding-pages contains late fifteenth-century writing with a notice dated 1494.

Musical notation: with German non-diastemmatic (proto-gothic) neumes entered above each line, and psalm cadences added in left margins on versos and in right margins on rectos.

Decoration:

The rubrication is careful and detailed throughout, marking both main divisions and sub-sections.
Initials: Red (mostly undecorated) initials mark major divisions, except for the later additions on fols 197v-200r, where divisions are marked with green initials. Within the two-column format, major sections are marked by initials 4-6 lines in height; subdivisions are generally marked by initials two or rarely three lines in height centered on the line to which they apply (taking up interlinear space above and below). Within the full line format (73v-171v) there are larger decorated initials marking major sections. However, on fol. 73v, the large (11-line) decorated initial ‘E’ marking the First Vespers responsory of Advent that begins the antiphoner has been cut out. On the same folio, there is a 6-line inhabited inital ‘A’ written in red ink with black ink detail, marking the first Matins responsory for Advent. Fol. 123r contains a 6-line initial ‘A’ executed in red and black on a yellow background, marking the first Matins responsory for Easter.

Contents:

Feast abbreviations follow those established by CANTUS: A Database for Latin Ecclesiastical Chant, http://publish.uwo.ca/~cantus/feasts.html. Partial rubrics are expanded (and comments given) in round brackets. Fols 1r-72v Lectionary (Typical format: Sundays and Feasts contain 8 mostly biblical lections, a Gospel Lection, and 4 lections from a related homily. Ferial days contain 3 lections.)

Fol. 1r faded (scraped or glued) writing as late as 11th century
Fols 1v-56v: Lectiones de tempore (gatherings 1-7)
- Fol. 1v Dom. 1 Adventus
- Fol. 2v Dom. 2 Adventus
- Fol. 3v Dom. 3 Adventus
- Fol. 5r Dom. 4 Adventus
- Fol. 6r Vigilia Nat. Domini; Nativitas Domini
- Fol. 7r Nat. Innocentium; Dom. intra Oct. Nat. Domini
- Fol. 7v Oct. Nat. Domini
- Fol. 8v Dom. p. Oct. Nat
- Fol. 9r Epiphania
- Fol. 10v Octava Epiphaniae
- Fol. 11v Dom. 1 p. Oct. Epiph. (no rubric)
- Fol. 12r Dom. 2 p. Oct. Epiph.
- Fol. 12v Dom. 3 p. Oct Epiph.
- Fol. 13r Dom. 4 p. Oct. Epiph.
- Fol. 13v Dom. 5 p. Oct. Epiph.
- Fol. 14v Dom. Septuagesimae
- Fol. 16r Dom. Sexagesimae
- Fol. 17r Dom. Quinquagesimae
- Fol. 18r Dom. Quadragesimae
- Fol. 19r Dom. 2 Quadragesimae
- Fol. 20r Dom. 3 Quadragesimae
- Fol. 21v Dom. 4 Quadragesimae
- Fol. 22v Dom. de Passione
- Fol. 24r Dom. in Palmis
- Fol. 24v Fer. 5 in Cena Dom.
- Fol. 25r Fer. 6 in Parasceve
- Fol. 25v Sabbato Sancto; Pascha
- Fol. 26v Octava Paschae
- Fol. 27v Dom. 2 p. Pascha
- Fol. 29r Dom. 3 p. Pascha
- Fol. 30r Dom. 4 p. Pascha
- Fol. 31r Dom. 5 p. Pascha
- Fol. 32r Ascensio Domini
- Fol. 33r Dom. p. Ascensionem
- Fol. 34r Dom. Pentecostes
- Fol. 35v Octava Pentecostes; Dom. 1 p. Oct. Pent. (The Gospel Lections and Homilies missing from this point on are supplied starting at 49r; No Ferial days.)
- Fol. 36r Dom. 2 p. Oct. Pent.
- Fol. 36v Dom. 3 p. Oct. Pent.; Dom. 4 p. Oct. Pent.
- Fol. 37r Dom. 5 p. Oct. Pent.
- Fol. 37v Dom. 6 p. Oct. Pent.; Dom. 7 p. Oct. Pent.
- Fol. 38r Dom. 8 p. Oct. Pent.
- Fol. 38v Dom. 9 p. Oct. Pent.; Dom. 10 p. Oct. Pent.
- Fol. 39r Dom. 1 mensis Augusti
- Fol. 39v Dom. 2 mensis Augusti; Dom. 3 mensis Augusti
- Fol. 40r Dom. 4 mensis Augusti
- Fol. 40v Dom. 5 mensis Augusti; Dom. 1 mensis Sept.
- Fol. 41r Dom. 2 mensis Sept.
- Fol. 41v De Tobia; De Judith
- Fol. 42r De Esther
- Fol. 42v Dom. 1 mensis Octobris
- Fol. 43r Dom. 2 mensis Octobris; Dom. 3 mensis Octobris
- Fol. 43v Dom. 4 mensis Octobris
- Fol. 44r Dom. 1 mensis Novembris
- Fol. 45r Dom. 2 mensis Novembris
- Fol. 46r Dom. 3 mensis Novembris (Daniel)
- Fol. 47r Dom. 4 mensis Novembris (Osee)
- Fol. 48r Dom. 5 mensis Novembris (Jonas)
- Fol. 49r Dom. 1 p. Oct. Pent. (Gospel Lections and Homilies); Dom (2) p. Oct. Pent. (no rubric)
- Fol. 49v Dom. (3) p. Oct. Pent. (no rubric); Dom. 7 (sic for 4?) p. Oct. Pent.
- Fol. 50r Dom. (5) p. Oct. Pent. (no rubric)
- Fol. 50v Dom. 6 p. Oct. Pent.; Dom. (7) p. Oct. Pent. (no rubric)
- Fol. 51r Dom. (8) p. Oct. Pent. (no rubric); Dom. (9) p. Oct. Pent. (no rubric)
- Fol. 51v Dom. 10 p. Oct. Pent.
- Fol. 52r Dom. (11) p. Oct. Pent. (no rubric); Dom. (12) p. Oct. Pent. (no rubric)
- Fol. 52v Dom. (13) p. Oct. Pent. (no rubric)
- Fol. 53r Dom. (14) p. Oct. Pent. (no rubric); Dom. (15) p. Oct. Pent. (no rubric)
- Fol. 53v Dom. (16) p. Oct. Pent. (no rubric); Dom. (17) p. Oct. Pent. (no rubric)
- Fol. 54r Dom. (18) p. Oct. Pent. (no rubric)
- Fol. 54v Dom. (19) p. Oct. Pent. (no rubric); Dom. (20) p. Oct. Pent. (no rubric)
- Fol. 55r Dom. (21) p. Oct. Pent. (no rubric)
- Fol. 55v Dom. (22) p. Oct. Pent. (no rubric); Dominica uel feria lectio (23 p. Oct Pent.?)
- Fol. 56r Dom. uel Fer. (no rubric; 24 p. Oct. Pent.?)
- Fol. 56v First 27 lines of column conclude Lections. This is followed by a devotional prayer (12 lines) on the sign of the cross written in another closely contemporary hand: Inuoco patrem et filium et spiritum sanctum ut signum sancte crucis sit super me, etc. The second column is blank.
Fols 57r-70v: Lectiones de Sanctis (gathering 8 + first six leaves of gathering 9)
- Fol. 57r Stephani; Johannis evangelisti
- Fol. 58r Innocentium
- Fol. 58v Silvestri; Agenetis; Vincentii; Conversio Pauli
- Fol. 59r Purificatio Mariae
- Fol. 59v Cathedra Petri
- Fol. 60r Annuntiatio Mariae
- Fol. 60v Georgii; Marci
- Fol. 61r Philippi, Jacobi
- Fol. 61v Joannis Baptistae
- Fol. 62r Petri, Pauli
- Fol. 62v Commemoratio Pauli; Intra et in Oct. Apostolorum
- Fol. 63r Mariae Magdalenae
- Fol. 63v Jacobi; Vincula Petri; Laurentii
- Fol. 64r Assumptio Mariae
- Fol. 64v Octava Assumptionis Mariae
- Fol. 65r Bartholomaei; Decoll. Jo. Bapt.
- Fol. 65v Nativitas Mariae
- Fol. 66r Exaltatio Crucis; Matthaei
- Fol. 66v Michaelis
- Fol. 67r Simonis, Judae; Omnium Sanctorum
- Fol. 67v Andreae; Thomae Apost.
- Fol. 68r Comm. pl. Mart.
- Fol. 69r Comm. un. Mart.
- Fol. 69v Comm. pl. Conf.
Fols 70v-71r: Hic inuenies euangelia per circulum anni de festis que sunt duodecim lectionum intitulata. (List of 12 lection Feasts and Gospel Lection incipits for them.)
Fols 71r-72r: Litany
Fol. 72r-v: Preces and occasional prayers
Fols 73r-175v: Neumed Antiphoner (with short Tonary); Matins Canticles and Hymnary (not neumed) (gatherings 10-22)
- Fol. 73r was originally blank; a later hand has entered the responsory text of the verso (partially damaged by the removal of an initial).
- Fol. 73v Dom. 1 Adventus
- Fol. 75r Nicolai
- Fol. 76r Conceptio Mariae
- Fol. 77v Dom. 2 Adventus
- Fol. 78v Luciae
- Fol. 79r Antiphonae Majores (Great ‘O’ Antiphons)
- Fol. 79v Dom. 3 Adventus
- Fol. 80v Q.T. Adventus (Ember Days, Advent); Thomae Apost.
- Fol. 81r Dom. 1 (ante) Nat. Domini Adventus
- Fol. 82v Vigilia Nat. Domini
- Fol. 83r Nativitas Domini (no rubric)
- Fol. 85v Stephani
- Fol. 87r Johannis evangelisti
- Fol. 88v Innocentium
- Fol. 89v Dies 5-7 p. Nat. Domini
- Fol. 90r Dom. intra Oct. Nat. Domini; Octava Nat. Domini
- Fol. 90v Octava Stephani; Oct. Joannis Evang.; Oct. Nat. Innocent.
- Fol. 91r Vigilia Epiphaniae; Epiphania
- Fol. 92v Dom. intra Oct. Epiph.
- Fol. 93r Octava Epiphaniae
- Fol. 93v Antiphonae Dom. 1-5 p. Epiph.; Dom. 1 p. Epiph. (Dom. per annum)
- Fol. 94v In tempore Epiph.
- Fol. 95r Fer. 2 per annum
- Fol. 95v Fer. 3 per annum
- Fol. 96r Fer. 4 per annum
- Fol. 96v Fer. 5 per annum.
- Fol. 97r Sabb. per annum.
- Fol. 97v Sebastiani
- Fol. 98v Kalisti (possibly Callixtus II); Marii, Marthae; Agnetis; Sebasti
- Fol. 99v Octava Agnetis; Conversio Pauli
- Fol. 101r Purificatio Mariae
- Fol. 102v Agathae
- Fol. 103r Scholasticae
- Fol. 103v Cathedra Petri; Gregorii
- Fol. 105r Benedicti
- Fol. 106r Annuntiatio Mariae
- Fol. 107r Dom. Septuagesimae
- Fol. 108v Dom. Sexagesimae
- Fol. 109r Dom. Quinquagesimae
- Fol. 110r Dom. Quadragesimae
- Fol. 111v Dom. 2 Quadragesimae
- Fol. 113r Dom. 3 Quadragesimae
- Fol. 114v Dom. 4 Quadragesimae
- Fol. 115v Dom. de Passione
- Fol. 117r Dom. in Palmis
- Fol. 118v Fer. 2 Maj. Hebd.; Fer. 3 Maj. Hebd.
- Fol. 119r Fer. 4 Maj. Hebd.
- Fol. 119v Fer. 5 in Cena Dom. (no rubric)
- Fol. 121r Fer. 6 in Parasceve
- Fol. 122r Sabbato Sancto
- Fol. 123r Pascha (rubric: Invitiatorium ad nocturnam)
- Fol. 123v Ad Stationem (Processional and visitatio)
- Fol. 124r Antiphonae super Benedictus (in tempore Paschali); Fer. 2 p. Pascha
- Fol. 124v Fer. 3 p. Pascha
- Fol. 125r Fer. 4 p. Pascha
- Fol. 125v Fer. 5 p. Pascha; Fer. 6 p. Pascha
- Fol. 126r Sabbato in Albis; Octava Paschae
- Fol. 127r Antiphonae Dom. 2-4 p. Oct. Pascha
- Fol. 127v Antiphonae Dom. 5 p. Oct. Pascha; Dom. 2 p. Oct. Pascha
- Fol. 128r Dom. 3 p. Oct. Pascha; Dom. 4 p. Oct. Pascha
- Fol. 128v Dom. 5 p. Oct. Pascha
- Fol. 129r In tempore Paschali De Sanctis
- Fol. 129v Comm. unius Mart.; Comm. unius Conf.
- Fol. 130r Comm. Virginum; Marci; Philippi, Jacobi
- Fol. 130v Inventio Crucis
- Fol. 131r Joannis Port. Lat.
- Fol. 131v Ascensio
- Fol. 132v Dom. p. Ascensionem
- Fol. 133r Pentecostes
- Fol. 134v De Trinitate
- Fol. 135v Fer. 2 Trinitate
- Fol. 136r Fer. 3-Sab. Trinitate; Albini, Mart.; Joannis Baptistae
- Fol. 137v Joannis, Pauli; Petri, Pauli
- Fol. 138v Pauli
- Fol. 139r Octava Joannis Bapt.; Transl. Martini; Octava Apostolorum; Disibodi; Transl. Benedicti
- Fol. 139v Mariae Magdalenae
- Fol. 140r Jacobi; Vincula Petri
- Fol. 140v Inventio Stephani; Afrae
- Fol. 141r Laurentii
- Fol. 142r Tiburtii; Hippolyti; Assumptio Mariae
- Fol. 143r Intra Oct. Assumptionis
- Fol. 143v Octava Laurentii
- Fol. 144r Decoll. Jo. Bapt.
- Fol. 144v Nativitas Mariae
- Fol. 145v Exaltatio Crucis
- Fol. 146r Matthaei; Mauritii
- Fol. 146v Cosmae, Damiani; Michaelis
- Fol. 148r Remigii; Dionysii et Soc.; Callisti; Galli
- Fol. 149r Lucae
- Fol. 149v Januarii; Omnium Sanctorum
- Fol. 150v Oct. Om. Sanctorum; Martini
- Fol. 152r Antiphonae intra oct. Martini
- Fol. 152v Brictii
- Fol. 153r Octava Martini; Caeciliae
- Fol. 153v Clementis
- Fol. 154r Andreae
- Fol. 155v Octava Andreae; In Dedicatione Eccl.
- Fol. 156v Comm. Apostolorum
- Fol. 158r Comm. plur. Mart.
- Fol. 159v Comm. plur. Conf.
- Fol. 161r Comm. un. Conf. Pont.; Comm. un. Conf. Epi.
- Fol. 162v Comm. un. Con. non Pont.
- Fol. 163r Comm. unius Virg.
- Fol. 164r De Regum
- Fol. 165r De libro Salomonis
- Fol. 165v De Job
- Fol. 166v De Tobia
- Fol. 167r De Judith
- Fol. 167v De Esther
- Fol. 168r De Machabaeis
- Fol. 168v De Prophetis
- Fol. 169v Dom. 1-6 p. Oct. Pent. (Antiphonae)
- Fol. 170r Dom. 7-11 p. Oct. Pent. (Antiphonae)
- Fol. 170v Dom. 12-17 p. Oct. Pent. (Antiphonae)
- Fol. 171r Dom. 18-22 p. Oct. Pent. (Antiphonae)
- Fol. 171v Dom. 23-25 p. Oct. Pent. (Antiphonae); De differentiis octo tonorum (Primum querite, etc.)
- Fols 172r-173v Cantica dominicis diebus
- Fols 174r-175v Hymnary (De Tempore; Ordinary Sundays and Feria, Advent and Christmas only)
Three missing gatherings that probably contained the rest of the Hymnary and (according to Omlin) a Psalter.
Fols 176r-178v: Three-leaf insert (Collects, Calendar of Saints, additions)
- Fol. 176r Three collects, possibly the conclusion to a litany (Omlin) [...] pro quibus tuam clementiam salutem mentis et corporis, etc.; Deus cui omne cor patet, etc.; Omnipotens sempiterne Deus, qui vivorum dominaris simul et mortuorum, etc.
- Fols 176v-178r Calendar of Saints. Since there are entries for every day of the year, the Calendar functions as an abbreviated martyrology rather than a calendar for organising liturgical celebration (Omlin).
- Fol. 178v Office of the Dead (End of Matins and Lauds) written in a fifteenth-century hand.
Fols 179r-200v: Capitulary; Collectar (Gatherings 23-25)
Fols 179r-184v Capitulary, no main rubric
- Fols 179r-181v De Tempore (Advent to Trinity)
- Fols 181v-182v De Sanctis (Stephen to Andrew)
- Fols 183r-184r Commune Sanctorum
Fols 184v-197r Collectar, no main rubric
- Fols 184v-188v De Tempore
- Fols 189r-193r De Sanctis
- Fols 193v-197r Privati Dies; other occasions
Fols 197r-200v; Additions in later hands.
- Fol. 197r-v Blessings of Church ornaments
- Fols 198r-199r Chapter readings for Sundays after Pentecost
- Fols 199r-200r Blessings of candles, ashes, lamb for Easter, food, bread, meat, bacon, eggs, wine, and herb blessing for Assumption
- Fol. 200v Blank with library stamp
Four paper leaves, blank except for verso of second leaf which contains an item beginning Item quinque psalmi de passione Domini and a faint notice dated the first Sunday of September, 1494.

Provenance of the manuscript: Omlin made a case based on the presence of materials for St Disibod for a Disibodenberg provenance (see fols 71r-v, 139r, 190v). Omlin suggests that the inserted Calendar of Saints (fols 176v-178r) might help confirm the relationship to Disibodenberg if compared to Bern, Bürgerbibliothek 226 (a martyrology from Disibodenberg), but Choate has pointed out that while Bern, Burgerbibliothek 226 makes frequent mention of St Disibod, Disibod does not appear at all in the Calendar of Saints in Engelberg 103. Engelberg 103 has been discussed as representative of a late instance of the influence of the Hirsau reform movement and representative of the liturgy that may have influenced Hildegard of Bingen (though the manuscript itself postdates her time at Disibodenberg (Jeffreys, Heinzer, Pfau and Morent, and Simon). Choate suggests the alternative provenance of Sponheim (which lies on the opposite bank of the river Nahe from Disibodenberg), arguing that the prominence given to St Martin (and Mary) in the manuscript (see for example fol. 71v and fols 150v-153r) makes Sponheim (dedicated to these saints) the more likely provenance. Choate notes that the abbot and community from Sponheim were present at the Disibodenberg when St Disibod’s tomb was opened on 1 April, 1138, and that the repertory of the manuscript thus still offers a context that can be used (with caution) for understanding Hildegard’s liturgical thought and works.

Bibliography:

Tova Leigh Choate, Margot E. Fassler, and William T. Flynn, ‘Hearing the Heavenly Symphony: An Overview of Hildegard’s Musical Oeuvre with Case Studies’: ‘III. Engelberg 103: Window on Hildegard’s Liturgical Understanding?’ in A Companion to Hildegard of Bingen, ed. B. Kienzle, G. Ferzocco (Leiden: Brill, forthcoming).
P. Benedict Gottwald, Catalogus codicum manu scriptorum qui asservantur in Biblioteca-Monasterii O.S.B. Engelbergensis in Helvetia (Freiburg im Breisgau, 1891), p. 120, http://www.archive.org/stream/cataloguscodicu00gottgoog#page/n9/mode/1up.
Catherine Jeffreys ‘'Melodia et Rhetorica': the Devotional-Song Repertory of Hildegard of Bingen,’ University of Melbourne, 2000), p. 74, http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/1244.
Réné-Jean Hesbert, Corpus Antiphonalium Officii, Vol. 5 (Rome, 1975), p. 8
Felix Heinzer, Klosterreform und mittelalterliche Buchkultur im deutschen Südwesten (Leiden, 2008), pp. 393-94.
Michel Huglo, Les Tonaires: Inventaire, Analyse, Comparaison (Paris, 1971), p. 120.
Ephrem Omlin, ‘Das ältere Engelberger Osterspiel und der cod. 103 der Stiftsbibliothek Engelberg,’ in Corolla heremitana: Neue Beiträge zur Kunst und Geschichte Einsiedelns und der Innerschweiz, ed. Albert Knoepfli, P. Maximilian Roesle, and Alfred A. Schmid (Olten, 1964), pp. 101–26.
Marianne Richert Pfau and Stefan Johannes Morent, Hildegard von Bingen: Der Klang des Himmels (Cologne, 2005), pp. 53, 60.
Eckehard Simon, ‘Hildegard of Bingen (1098-1179) and Her Music Drama Ordo Virtutum: A Critical Review of Scholarship and Some New Suggestions,’ a paper prepared for the XIIIth Triennial Colloquium of the Société Internationale pour l’Étude du Théâtre Médiéval, Giessen, Germany, 19-24 July 2010, p. 12, http://www.uni-giessen.de/~g91159/dokumente/SITM%20Simon.pdf.